Handpan vs Tongue Drum

Introduction

In the world of percussion instruments, two relatively new additions have captured the hearts of musicians and music enthusiasts alike: the handpan and the tongue drum. Both instruments offer unique sounds and playing experiences, but they have distinct characteristics that set them apart. This article will explore the similarities and differences between handpans and tongue drums, helping you understand which might be the right choice for your musical journey.

Origins and History

Handpan

The handpan, also known as a “hang” or “hang drum,” was invented in 2000 by Felix Rohner and Sabina Schärer in Switzerland. It was inspired by the Caribbean steel pan and other metallic percussion instruments. The original Hang was produced by PANArt until 2013, but since then, other manufacturers have created similar instruments under the generic name “handpan.”

Tongue Drum

The tongue drum, also called a “tank drum” or “steel tongue drum,” has its roots in traditional African instruments like the slit drum or log drum. The modern steel tongue drum was developed in the early 2000s, with one of the first popular versions being the Hank Drum, created by Dennis Havlena in 2007.

Physical Characteristics

Handpan

• Shape: Convex top and concave bottom, resembling two shallow bowls joined together
• Material: Usually made from nitrided steel or stainless steel
• Size: Typically 50-60 cm in diameter and 18-24 cm in height
• Weight: Generally between 4-8 kg

Tongue Drum

• Shape: Cylindrical or slightly tapered, with cut-out “tongues” on the top surface
• Material: Often made from propane tanks, stainless steel, or other metals
• Size: Varies widely, but commonly 20-40 cm in diameter and 15-30 cm in height
• Weight: Usually lighter than handpans, ranging from 1-5 kg

Sound Production and Playing Technique

Handpan

Handpans produce sound when the player strikes the indentations (called “notes” or “tone fields”) on the top surface with their fingers or hands. Each note is carefully tuned to produce a specific pitch. The instrument’s hollow body acts as a resonator, creating rich overtones and a sustained, ethereal sound.

Playing technique involves using various parts of the hands to strike, tap, or brush the surface, allowing for a wide range of dynamics and tonal variations. Players can create complex rhythms and melodies by moving their hands across the instrument.

Tongue Drum

Tongue drums produce sound when the cut-out “tongues” on the top surface are struck. Each tongue is tuned to a specific note, and the vibration of the tongue creates the sound. The body of the drum acts as a resonating chamber, enhancing the volume and sustain of the notes.

Playing technique is generally simpler than the handpan. Players typically use mallets or their fingers to strike the tongues, producing clear, bell-like tones. While it’s possible to create complex rhythms, the tongue drum is often used for more meditative or ambient music.

Tonal Range and Tuning

Handpan

• Typically has 8-10 notes, but can range from 7 to over 20
• Usually tuned to a specific scale (e.g., minor, major, or modal scales)
• Offers a wide range of overtones and harmonics
• Retuning is complex and usually requires professional assistance

Tongue Drum

• Can have anywhere from 5 to 13 or more notes
• Often tuned to pentatonic scales, but other tunings are available
• Produces clear, distinct notes with fewer overtones than handpans
• Some models allow for easier retuning by the player

Accessibility and Price

Handpan

Handpans are generally more expensive, with prices ranging from $1,000 to over $3,000 for high-quality instruments. They are often made to order and can have long waiting times. The complexity of their construction and tuning contributes to their higher cost.

Tongue Drum

Tongue drums are typically more affordable, with prices ranging from $100 to $1,000. They are more readily available and can often be purchased off-the-shelf. The simpler construction allows for lower production costs.

Learning Curve and Musicality

Handpan

Handpans have a steeper learning curve due to the complexity of playing techniques. However, they offer great expressiveness and the ability to create intricate melodies and harmonies. They are well-suited for solo performances and can be integrated into various musical styles.

Tongue Drum

Tongue drums are generally easier to start playing, making them more accessible to beginners. While they may have limitations in terms of complex melodies, they excel in creating soothing, meditative music and are often used in sound therapy and relaxation practices.

Conclusion

Both handpans and tongue drums offer unique and captivating musical experiences. The choice between the two often comes down to personal preference, budget, and musical goals. Handpans provide a more complex and expressive playing experience but come with a higher price tag and steeper learning curve. Tongue drums offer a more accessible entry point into the world of melodic percussion instruments and excel in creating calming, meditative sounds.

Regardless of which instrument you choose, both the handpan and tongue drum have the power to create beautiful, ethereal music that can transport listeners and players alike to a state of tranquility and musical bliss.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Which instrument is better for beginners?

Generally, tongue drums are considered easier for beginners due to their simpler playing technique and lower cost. However, the choice depends on personal preference and musical goals.

Can I play both instruments with mallets?

Tongue drums are commonly played with mallets or fingers. While handpans are primarily designed to be played with hands, some players do use soft mallets. However, using mallets on a handpan may damage the instrument if not done carefully.

Are handpans and tongue drums suitable for outdoor performances?

Both instruments can be used outdoors, but care should be taken to protect them from extreme temperatures and moisture. Handpans are generally more sensitive to environmental changes.

Can these instruments be used in a band setting?

Yes, both handpans and tongue drums can be integrated into various musical ensembles. Handpans often blend well with acoustic instruments, while tongue drums can add unique percussive elements to a band’s sound.

How long does it take to become proficient on each instrument?

The learning curve varies for each individual. With regular practice, basic proficiency on a tongue drum can be achieved in a few weeks to months. Handpans typically require more time, with players often taking several months to a year to develop a good foundation.

Do these instruments require regular maintenance?

Both instruments benefit from regular care. Handpans may require occasional retuning by a professional and should be kept in a protective case. Tongue drums are generally lower maintenance but should be kept clean and dry to prevent rust or damage to the tongues.

Can I create my own scales on these instruments?

Some tongue drums allow for retuning, enabling players to create custom scales. Handpans are typically fixed in their tuning, but you can purchase handpans in various scales to suit your preferences.

Are there any notable musicians who use handpans or tongue drums?

Yes, several musicians have gained recognition for their work with these instruments. For handpans, artists like Manu Delago, Daniel Waples, and Ravid Goldschmidt are well-known. For tongue drums, Danny Cudd and Yatao are among the popular performers.